4) Are study methods and all outcomes described sufficiently for you to understand what they did? (Tip: Were reporting guidelines followed?)
5) Did researchers control allocation of animals to groups AND which groups were treated?
6) Were animals randomly assigned to groups and the method of randomization described?
Results
7) Do authors report results for all outcomes?
8) Are key statistical data provided for reported outcomes?
Discussion
9) Are conclusions supported by the results?
10) Do authors discuss study limitations?
* “Yes” answers support investing more time to consider the paper thoroughly.
“No” answers indicate a characteristic associated with risk of bias is present.
This tool has not been validated.